Monday 10 November 2014

Aggregate function to concatenate strings in T-SQL

You know how many a time you need to get the results of a query as a strings list, let's say a CSV and there is nothing in Microsoft SQL Server to help you? What you would like is something like an aggregate function similar to SUM that returns the concatenated value of all strings in the SELECT query. And before SQL Server 2008 that was the case, you needed to use variables and SELECT @S=@S+[Value] FROM .... But in SQL 2008 they added more XML support and thus the data() XML PATH method. Take notice that this method adds a space between atomic values. So, without further due, here is the code to concatenate several values into a comma separated value string:
DECLARE @T TABLE(S NVARCHAR(Max))
INSERT INTO @T VALUES('Filet'),('T-bone'),('Sausage'),('Würstel') -- enough with the fruity examples!

SELECT CONVERT(NVARCHAR(Max),(SELECT S+',' AS 'data()' FROM @T t
FOR XML PATH('')))

Result: Filet, T-bone, Sausage, Würstel, - of course, remove the last comma.

Update: What if I have a table with multiple columns and I just want to aggregate one?

The solution is to use the select with WHERE clauses on the GROUP BY columns. Here is an example:
DECLARE @t TABLE(col1 NVARCHAR(Max), col2 INT, value NVARCHAR(Max) )
INSERT INTO @T VALUES ('a',1,'1'),
('a',1,'2'),
('a',2,'3'),
('b',1,'1'),
('b',1,'2'),
('c',3,'67')
 
--SELECT * FROM @t t
 
SELECT col1, col2, CONVERT(NVARCHAR(Max),(
SELECT value+',' AS 'data()' FROM @T t2
WHERE t1.col1 = t2.col1
AND t1.col2 = t2.col2
FOR XML PATH('')))
FROM @t t1
GROUP BY col1, col2

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